Identification

You’re in a new place and you don’t know the words yet. The fastest survival skill is asking: **what is this? who is that? where?**

**х** is a throaty sound (like German *Bach*). **щ** in **що** is often close to ‘shch’. Don’t worry about perfection — aim for clarity.

Two common surprises

A simple pattern is: **Question word + це**. Example: **Що це?** / **Хто це?** For yes/no questions, put **чи** first: **Чи це він?**

When you don’t know a noun, point and use **це**. It keeps the conversation moving.

Asking short, direct questions is normal — it can sound blunt in English, but in Ukrainian it’s often just efficient. Add politeness from earlier lessons and people will usually respond warmly.

First Contact

Greetings, emergencies, and basic interactions. You've just landed—survival mode active!

Greet people appropriately based on time and formality.

Hello & Goodbye

Use politeness markers to smooth basic interactions.

The Magic Words

Pronouns

Survival Phrases

Review greetings, identification, and politeness.

Checkpoint

Greet a barista, identify a drink, pay, and leave.

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